Example: Zambia

This section should be updated

Following input values are used for simulating Micro Grids in Zambia:

  • Demand profile: Profile provided by RLI (min, median, max)

  • Weather data: from https://www.renewables.ninja/, country profile of Zambia, land area weighted, MERRA-2

Cost data

General

According to NREL, 2018, p. 22:

'price_fuel':                   4.4  USD/gallon
'combustion_value_fuel':        10  kWh/gallon

Wacc according to Parameter.xlsx from Sarah::

'wacc': 12 %

Differing to discount factor of 10% mentioned in NREL, 2018, p. 22.

PV system

According to Parameters.xlsx from Sarah::

'pv_lifetime':                  20, # not implemented

According to NREL, 2018, p. 22::

CAPEX: 800-1200 USD/kWp (DC)

Storage

According to Parameters.xlsx from Sarah::

'storage_lifetime':             10, # not implemented

Differs from NREL, 2018, p.22 with lifetime of 7 years and roundtrip efficiency of 80%.

Generators

According to NREL, 2018, p. 22::

CAPEX: 400 USD/kW
OPEC: 25 USD/kW/a
Var: 0.023 USD/kWh

According to Parameters.xlsx from Sarah::

'genset_lifetime':              10,

Differing: NREL, 2018, p. 22 mentioned minimal loading of 30%.

Other NOT IMPLEMENTED Components (NREL)

According to NREL, 2018, p. 22

Charge controller::

lifetime: 20 a
CAPEX:  200-400 USD/kW-DC

Inverter::

lifetime: 10 a
CAPEX:  400-800 USD/kW-DC

Auxiliary (wiring, breakers, protection) for solar and battery::

CAPEX:  200-400 USD/kW-DC

Civil costs for solar and battery::

CAPEX:  200-400 USD/kW-DC

O&M costs for solar and battery::

OPEX: 2% TOTAL CAPEX/a

Distribution network::

OPEX: 2% of CAPEX/a
CAPEX: 200 USD/Household

Soft costs::

Project: 1500 USD/kW
Labour: 3000 USD/a
Land lease: 800 USD/a

Other NOT IMPLEMENTED Components (Sarah)

Soft costs::

Project lifetime: 20 a
Lifetime distribution grid: 40 a

Technical parameters

PV system

Storage

According to Parameters.xlsx from Sarah::

'storage_Crate':                1,
'storage_inflow_efficiency':    0.9,
'storage_outflow_efficiency':   0.9,
'storage_capacity_min':         0.2, # from DOD=0.8

Additional assumptions::

'storage_capacity_max':         1,
'storage_loss_timestep':        0,

Genset::

'genset_efficiency':            0.58,
'genset_min_loading':           0,
'genset_max_loading':           1,

what do I do with rotating mass=40%??

currently no variable efficiency of min = 30%, max =35%

Not used parameters::

'price_electricity_main_grid':    0.20,
'pcoupling_efficiency':            0.58,

Constraints::

'max_share_unsupplied_load':    0,
'costs_var_unsupplied_load':    10,
'min_res_share':                0,
'distance_to_grid':             10
Sources: